Education in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

an educational workshop held in In cooperation with the  10th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)

Scientific organizers: Prof. J. Mouton (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) and H. Derendorf (Gainesville, Fla.)

Pre-meeting Introduction (goals and format)

The slides presented by the some of the speakers at this workshop are available on this site as "Web slide shows" and as ".PDF files".  To view and/or to download them, click on the title of the lectures.  These slides, which reflect the views of their authors and should not be taken as being endorsed by ISAP, are for information purposes only.  They cannot be reproduced or used for any form of  presentations without the autorization of their author and of ISAP. Please, contact the ISAP Webmaster for further information.

Sandinavia in 1570...

Welcome by ISAP: Paul M. Tulkens, ISAP and Brussels, Belgium The general concept of pharmacokinetics (concentration-time curves, compartmental vs non compartmental models): H. Derendorf, Gainesville, Fl. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics: lessons learned from animal models (elimination in animals, models to decrease clearance, dose linearity): W.A.Craig, Madison, WI Protein binding and tissue concentrations – do they matter ? (effect of protein binding on efficacy, methods to measure tissue concentrations and  interpretation thereof): O. Cars, Uppsala, Sweden General concepts of pharmacodynamics (concentration effect relationships, pharmacodynamic parameters): H. Derendorf, Gainesville, Fl. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics in animal models (use of pharmacodynamic parameters, impact of clearance and neutropenia on effect): W.A.Craig,  Madison, WI Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics in in-vitro pharmacokinetic models (types of models, pitfalls): E. Löwdin, Uppsala Sweden The post-antibiotic and sub-MIC effects in vitro and in vivo(definitions, implications for therapy): I. Odenholt,  Malmö, Sweden The concentration-effect relationships for  intracellular micro-organisms (drug trapping, antibiotic efflux pumps, intracellular MIC): P.M. Tulkens, and F. Van Bambeke, Brussels, Belgium MIC-controlled dosing or how to use PK/PD relationships to optimize dosing regimens (efficacy, emergence of resistance, toxicity): J.W. Mouton,  Nijmegen,The Netherlands. General concepts of PK/PD modeling (types of models, kill curve fitting): H. Derendorf, Gainesville, Fl. Synergism : what does it mean ? (various definitions, interpretations in vitro and in vivo): J.W. Mouton, Nijmegen,The Netherlands. Closing remarks and perspectives for research and clinical applications: Paul M. Tulkens, ISAP President & Brussels, Belgium

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) have now become essential tools for determining the appropriate use of currently available anti-infective agents as well as for accelerating the development of new drugs.  While this is now more and more recognized by Academia, Industry and Regulatory Agencies (see the ISAP / FDA and ISAP / EMEA workshops held in 1999, there is presently a lack of training into these disciplines.  Accordingly, ISAP has endeavoured to launch educational activities in this context.  The aim of the workshop was to train people professionally involved in development or in the use of antiinfective drugs in the basic and applied aspects of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, showing how these sciences have emerged over the last 10 years and how their influence has grown.

• Objectives: Participants were trained to insights in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts of antimicrobial therapy. This included the use and application of  animal models and in vitro pharmacokinetic models. Attention was given to pharmacokinetic issues (protein binding, the value of tissue concentrations), pharmacodynamic issues (the use of pharmacodynamic parameters to describe and predict effect, Sub-MIC effects, post-antibiotic effects, differences between in vitro and in vivo) and the use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling (the E-max model and other models). To illustrate theory, examples were given as how to use the above concepts in clinical practice and drug discovery.
• Intended audience: physicians, clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists, pharmacists and anybody else interested.
• Level: basic to intermediate

Each participant has received a certificate for participation.

• ISAP Web site and ISAP on-line services generously housed and managed on the INTERNET Server of the Faculty of Medicine of the 'Université Catholique de Louvain', Brussels, Belgium, with the expert help of Benoît Debande, MD.  All comments and queries should, however, be sent exclusively to the ISAP Webmaster.
• Scandinavia in 1570: Excerpt of an antique map by A. Ortelius (Septentriolanum Regionum Descriptio, 1570), Engraving from Gielis van Diest edition of Theatrum Antwerp, 1571 [Dutch text]. From Grafik-Antikvariatet Ove G. Renqvist, Rare Books and Prints, Box 2271, S-103 16 Stockholm. Sweden [Grafik@Renqvist.se]
• Stockholm view: taken from the James' personal Web site at the Department of Quantum Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Sweden.  James'page offers good links to interesting sites including an on-line Periodic Table of Elements.
• other logos and pictures are from the WEB sites to which they are linked or are in the public domain.