Part 1: An Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Part 2: Advanced Issues in Pharmacodynamics:  PK/PD Modeling and Clinical Implications Scientific organizers: Johan W. Mouton, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands & H. Derendorf, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) have now become essential tools for determining the appropriate use of currently available anti-infective agents as well as for accelerating the development of new drugs.  While this is now more and more recognized by Academia, Industry and Regulatory Agencies (see the ISAP / FDA and ISAP / EMEA workshops held in 1999, there is presently a lack of training into these disciplines.  Accordingly, ISAP has endeavoured to launch educational activities in this context.  The aim is to train people professionally involved in development or in the use of antiinfective drugs in the basic and applied aspects of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, showing how these sciences have emerged over the last 10 years and how their influence has grown.

Since 1999, ISAP has organized 4 full-day educational workshops in association with ECCMID (1999, 2000, 2001) and ICAAC (2000) [see "Past Educational Activities"].  Following specific demands, this 5th educational workshop will be organized as two successive parts (half a day each) dealing with the basic aspects of PK/PD and advanced studies, respectively. Each part can be followed independently, but the two parts can also be combined.

Objectives: The workshop has allowed the attendee to gain

• an  insight of basic PK/PD concepts relating to antimicrobial efficacy;
• the application of animal models to pharmacodynamic research;
• and  limitations in the use of serum and tissue concentrations.

Intended Audience: Medical microbiologists, infectious disease  physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists and anybody else  interested

Level: Beginning
 

Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
	The general concept of pharmacokinetics: concentration-time curves pharmacokinetic parameters pharmacodynalic parameters	H. Derendorf, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
	Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics:  lessons learned from animal models: elimination in animals,  models to decrease clearance, dose linearity Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics in animal models and use of pharmacodynamic parameters	W.A. Craig, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
	Exercises and Discussion	J.W. Mouton & H. Derendorf
Special topics
	Protein binding, tissue concentrations : do they matter ?	O. Cars, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
	Pharmacodynamics :  implications therapy	J. Mouton, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
	Exercise and Discussion	J.W. Mouton & H. Derendorf

This second  intermediate/advanced level, workshop has exapanded the attendee's focus on PK/PD modeling. The course has developped the use and application of Emax and other models, and  has demonstrated how PK/PD models may be applied to in vitro, animal,  and clinical problems. The workshop has also discussed the limitations  of PK/PD models used with in vitro studies.

Intended Audience: Microbiologists, infectious disease physicians,  pharmacologists, pharmacists and anybody else interested

Level: Intermediate/Advanced
 

Concentration-effect relationships
	General concepts of PK/PD modelling: types of models Linear models, non-linear models, Emax models, kill curve fitting	H. Derendorf, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
	In-vitro models of infection	I. Odenholt, MD Departement of Infectious Diseases, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
	Exercise and Discussion	J.W. Mouton & H. Derendorf
Use of concentration-effect relationships and exercises
	Animal models of infection	W.A. Craig, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
	Clinical Implications of Pk/PD modelling	J. Mouton, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
	Excercises and Discussion	J.W. Mouton & H. Derendorf

• The ISAP Web site and the ISAP on-line services are generously housed and managed on the INTERNET Server of the Faculty of Medicine of the 'Université Catholique de Louvain', Brussels, Belgium, with the expert help of Benoît Debande, MD.  All comments and queries should, however, be sent exclusively to the ISAP Webmaster.
• Floating staircase... This piece of architectural bravary of the world-famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright can be seen in the atrium of the Rookery Building in Chicago, Ill.

(photograph from "Parcours nez en l'air à Chicago " by Danielle Tramard, In "Aujourd'hui - Voyages ", Le Monde, April 5th, 2001, p28)
• Other images are from the WEB sites to which they are linked.